Several different methods can be used to harden metals. Let&#;s discuss three major hardening approaches besides induction hardening, flame, furnace, and vacuum hardening.
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The Furnace hardening process involves heating of workpiece into a heat treatment furnace in a controlled environment. The workpiece is heated until austenite transforms, after which a quick quenching occurs.
The furnace hardening cannot heat the workpiece as uniformly as induction hardening does. It heats all workpiece portions, while induction hardening can heat specific workpiece sections. Induction is a go-to option if you need to harden a particular portion.
Vacuum hardening involves heating the workpiece by controlling the partial pressure, followed by a quick cooling process. It is often used for high-precision parts, as it can produce tough and consistent surfaces with minimal distortion.
Like the furnace hardening, it is also incapable of heating the workpiece at a specific region. The vacuum prevents the workpiece from reacting with atmospheric gases in the air, so the result is unaffected.
Flame hardening also involves the hardening of the outer surface using a flame while maintaining the ductility of the core section. The depth capability of flame hardening ranges up to 10 mm. This process is typically used to harden small or thin parts or to harden specific areas of a more significant piece.
Since induction hardening does not use an open heating approach like flame hardening, it is more precise and does not create overheating, scaling, or decarburization damage.
-01-05 From: Local Views
Many people want to know what is advantage and disadvantage of induction heating, induction hardening,induction brazing,induction forging,induction melting or induction quenching.
High frequency induction machines and induction heating technology is currently the highest heating efficiency of the metallic materials, the fastest speed, and low power consumption of environmental protection. It has been widely used in various industries on the thermal processing of the metal material, heat treatment, hot assembly and welding, melting process. It can not only heating the workpiece as a whole, but also on the relevance of the workpiece local heating; deep through the heat of the workpiece can be realized, to focus only on its surface, the surface heating; not only the direct heating of the metal material, but also on non-metallic material indirect heating. And so on. Thus, induction heating technology is more widely used in all walks of life.
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Local heating of the surface of the workpiece with the induced current heat treatment process. This heat treatment process commonly used in the surface hardening, but also can be used for partial annealing or tempering, and sometimes also used for the overall quenching and tempering. The early s, the United States, the Soviet Union has applied to the induction heating method for surface hardening of parts. With industrial development, induction heating, heat treatment technology continue to improve, continue to expand the range of applications.
Basic principles: the workpiece into the inductor (coil), and when the sensors pass into the alternating current of a certain frequency, alternating magnetic field is generated around. The electromagnetic induction effect of the alternating magnetic field so that the induction current the workpiece generated within a closed &#; &#; vortex. Induced currents are very unevenly distributed in the cross section of the workpiece, a high current density of the workpiece surface, the inwardly gradually decreases, this phenomenon is called the skin effect. The high current density of the workpiece surface energy into thermal energy, so that the temperature of the surface layer is increased, i.e. the surface heating. The current frequency is higher, the current density of the workpiece surface and the internal differential is the greater, the heating layer is thinner. Rapid cooling, the temperature of the heating layer over the temperature of the critical point of steel surface hardening can be achieved.
Classification: according to the frequency of the alternating current, the induction heating and heat treatment is divided into UHF, HF, RF, MF, working frequency.
(1) ultra-high frequency induction heating treatment used in the current frequency up to 27 MHz, the heating layer is extremely thin, only about 0.15 mm, can be used for complex shapes such as circular saws and workpiece thin surface hardening.
&#; high-frequency induction heating heat treatment is usually used in current frequency of 200 to 300 kHz, the depth of the heating layer is 0.5 to 2 mm can be used for the gear, cylinder sleeve, cam, shaft and other parts of the surface quenching.
&#;The radio induction heating heat treatment with the current frequency of 20 to 30 kHz, with a super audio induced current small modulus gear heating, the heating layer roughly along the tooth profile distribution, the pure fire better performance.
4 MF (Medium Frequency) induction heating of the heat treatment using the current frequency is generally from 2.5 to 10 kHz, the depth of the heating layer is 2 to 8 mm, and more for large modulus gear, having a larger diameter shaft and cold roll the workpiece such as surface hardening.
&#; power frequency induction heating heat treatment used in the current frequency of 50 to 60 Hz, the depth of the heating layer is 10 to 15 mm, can be used for the surface hardening of large workpieces.
Characteristics and application: The main advantage of induction heating: &#; having overall heating workpiece deformation is small, small power consumption. The &#; pollution. &#; heating speed, the workpiece surface oxidation and decarbonization lighter. &#; surface hardened layer can be adjusted as needed, easy to control. (5) heating equipment can be installed in the mechanical processing production line, easy to realize mechanization and automation, easy to manage, and can reduce the transportation, saving manpower, improve production efficiency. &#; hardened layer martensite smaller, hardness, strength, toughness, are higher. &#; surface hardening of the workpiece surface greater compression internal stress, higher workpiece anti-fatigue breaking ability.
The induction heating heat treatment also has some drawbacks or disadvantages. Compared with flame hardening, induction heating equipment is more complex, and adaptability to poor, difficult to guarantee the quality of some of the complex shape of the workpiece.
The induction heater is more complex, once the cost of inputs is relatively high, interchangeability and adaptability of the induction coil(inductor) is poor, can not be used for some complex shape of the workpiece.
But obviously,the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.
Therefore, the induction heating is a better choice of metalworking for replacing coal heating, oil heating, gas heating, electric cooker, electric oven heating and other heating methods.
Applications: Induction heating is widely used for the surface hardening of the gears, shafts, crankshafts, cams, rollers, etc. of the workpiece, the purpose is to improve the abrasion resistance and anti-fatigue breaking capability of these artifacts. Automobile rear axle using induction heating surface hardening, fatigue design load cycles increases by about 10 times more than the quenched and tempered. Induction heating surface hardening of the workpiece material is generally in the carbon steel. In order to meet the special needs of some of the workpiece has been developed for induction heating surface hardening dedicated low hardenability steel. High-carbon steel and cast iron workpiece can also be used induction heating surface hardening. The quenching medium commonly Water or polymer solution.
Equipment: Induction Heat Treatment Equipment power equipment, quenching machine and sensor. The main role of the power supply apparatus is suitable output frequency of the alternating current. The high-frequency current power supply tube high-frequency generator and two SCR inverter. IF current power supply generator sets. General power supply can only output a frequency current, some equipment can change the current frequency, directly with the 50 Hz power frequency current induction heating.
Selection: the depth of the induction heating device selection and the workpiece requires heating layer. Heating the deep layer of the workpiece, using the current low frequency power supply apparatus; the heating layer shallow workpiece, the current high frequency power supply apparatus should be used. Select other conditions of the power supply is the power of the device. Heating surface area increases, the electrical power required by the corresponding increase. When the heating surface area is too large, or when insufficient power supply, the method may be continuously heated, so that the relative movement of workpiece and the sensor, the front heating, behind cooling. But the best, or the entire heating surface heating. This can use the the workpiece core section waste heat so that the hardened surface layer tempering so that the process is simplified, and also saving energy.
The main role of the induction heating machine is the workpiece positioning and necessary movement. It should also be accompanied by the quenching media device. Quenching machine can be divided into standard machine tools and special machine tools, the former applies to the general workpiece, which is suitable for mass production of complex workpieces.
Inductive heating of heat treatment, in order to ensure the quality of the heat treatment and to improve thermal efficiency, it is necessary according to the shape of the workpiece and requirements, design and manufacturing structure appropriate sensors. Common sensor heating the outer surface of the sensor, inner hole heating sensor plane heat sensor, universal heating sensor, a special type of heating sensor, a single type of heating sensors, the composite heated sensor, smelting furnace .
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