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IEC Type 2Female (vehicle connector) Combo2 &#; DC Charger (left) and Normal
Type 2
&#;1&#;3 phase
AC Charger (right).Type Electric vehicle chargingProduction historyDesigner MennekesDesigned Produced General specificationsLength 200 millimetres (7.9 in)Diameter 70 millimetres (2.8 in)Width 70 millimetres (2.8 in)Height 63 millimetres (2.5 in)Pins 7 (1 earth, 3 line phases, 1 neutral, 2 signalling)Connector VDE-AR-E -2-2ElectricalSignal DC, 1&#;3 phase ACEarth Dedicated pinMax. voltage 480 VMax. current 300 ADataData signal SAE J#Signaling: Resistive / Pulse-width modulationPinout Pinouts for Type 2 female (charging station outlet/vehicle connector) and male (vehicle inlet/outlet side plug) electric vehicle charging plugsPP Proximity pilot pre-insertion signallingCP Control pilot post-insertion signallingPE Protective earth full-current protective earthing system&#;6-millimetre (0.24 in) diameterN Neutral single-/three-phase AC / DC-midL1 Line 1 single-/three-phase AC / DC-midL2 Line 2 three-phase AC / DC-midL3 Line 3 three-phase AC / DC-mid Combo 2 extension adds two extra high-current DC pins underneath and does not use the AC pins.The IEC Type 2 connector (often referred to as Mennekes for the company that designed it) is used for charging electric vehicles, mainly within Europe, as it was declared standard by the EU. Based on widespread red IEC three phase plugs with five pins, which come in different diameters according to maximum current (most common are 16 A and 32 A), a single size was selected, as maximum possible power will be communicated to the car via two additional communication pins and by a simple resistor coding within the cable. The onboard charger inside the car has to limit the current accordingly.
The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge; the original design specification carried an output electric power of 3&#;50 kW for charging battery electric vehicles using single-phase (230V) or three-phase (400V) alternating current (AC), with a typical maximum of 32 A 7.2 kW using single-phase AC and 22 kW with three-phase AC in common practice.[1] The plugs have openings on the sides that allow both the car and the charger to lock the plug automatically to prevent unwanted interruption of charging, or theft of the cable.
As modified by Tesla for its European Supercharger network (up to Version 2), it is capable of outputting 150 kW using direct current (DC) via two pins each, with a switch inside the Tesla Model S or X car selecting the required mode. Since , Tesla has adopted the CCS2 connector on their Version 3 Superchargers (outputting 250 kW), including a second cable for CCS support on Version 2 Superchargers, on all European models of the Model 3 and Y, with a hardware upgrade and adapter for pre- Model S and X vehicles,[2] and since on Model S and X as the new connector.[3]
History, overview, and peer connectors[
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The Type 2 connector system was originally proposed by Mennekes in . The system was later tested and standardized by the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) as VDE-AR-E -2-2, and subsequently recommended by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) in . In January , the IEC Type 2 connector was selected by the European Commission as official AC charging plug within the European Union.[4] It has since been adopted as the recommended connector in most countries worldwide, including New Zealand.[5] When passing AC, the maximum power of the Mennekes connector is 43 kW.[6] The IEC Type 1 connector (codified under SAE J) is the corresponding standard for single-phase AC charging in the United States, Canada, and South Korea.[7] J has a maximum output of 19.2 kW.[8]
In North America, the same Type 2 physical connector is used for three-phase AC charging under the SAE J standard, which uses Local Interconnect Network (LIN) for control signaling based on IEC -1 Edition 3 Annex D.[9][10] J increases the maximum output to 166 kW using three-phase AC.[8]
The same physical connector is also used in China under the Guobiao standard GB/T .2- for AC-charging, with gender differences for the vehicle and electric vehicle supply equipment. GB/T -2 specifies cables with Type 2-style male connectors on both ends, and a female inlet on vehicles[11]&#;the opposite gender to the rest of the world, and with different control signaling.
The Combined Charging System Combo 2 "fast charging" connector uses the signaling and protective earth pins of the Type 2 connector and adds two pins for rapid charging, with direct current power supplied at rates up to approximately 350 kW.[7]
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Regional variations in IEC -2 Type 2 AC implementation[citation needed
] Region / Standard Socket outlet Connecting cable Vehicle inlet Electrical Plug Connector Phase (φ) Current Voltage EU / IEC Type 2 Female Male Female Male 1φ 70A 480V 3φ 63A US / SAE J AC6 Permanently connected Female Male 3φ 100, 120, 160A 208, 480, 600V China / GB/T .2 Female Male Male Female 1φ(3φ reserved)
16, 32A 250/400VAs specified by IEC , cars are fitted with a standardized male vehicle inlet, whilst charging stations are fitted with a female socket outlet, either directly on the outside of the charging station, or via a flexible cable with permanently attached connector on the end. When the charging station is equipped with a permanently fixed cable, the connector end of the cable can be attached directly into the vehicle inlet, similar to using a petrol pump and when no fixed cable is available, a separate male-to-female cable is used to connect the vehicle, either using the charging station, or from a traditional IEC -2 industrial connector.
The Type 2 connector system was originally proposed by Mennekes in leading to the colloquial name of Mennekes. The system was later tested and standardized by the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) as VDE-AR-E -2-2, and subsequently recommended by the European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) in . As of , Type 2 is intended to replace the previous vehicle connectors used for AC charging within the European electric vehicle network, displacing both Type 1 (SAE J) and Type 3 (EV Plug Alliance Types 3A and 3C; colloquially, Scame) connectors. For DC charging, the Combo 2 socket (Type 2 supplemented with 2 DC pins) shall become standard in cars, replacing Type 4 CHAdeMO. The transition period is scheduled to last until .[13][needs update]
The IEC Type 2 connector is used in a slightly modified form for all European Tesla Model S and Model X vehicles, and the European Tesla Supercharger network.[14] As of Tesla is the only automaker which offers charging with alternating current and direct current based on the IEC -2 specification. For charging with direct current the specification IEC -3 Combined Charging System (CCS) is favored in Europe.[15]
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AC and DC operating modes of a Type 2 plug in the EU[citation needed
]The connectors contain seven contact places: two small and five larger. The top row consists of two small contacts for signaling, the middle row contains three pins, the center pin is used for Earthing, while the outer two pins used for the power supply, optionally in conjunction with the two pins on the bottom row which are also for power supply. Three pins are always used for the same purposes:
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The allocation of the four normal power supply pins vary depending on the mode of operation. They are allocated as:
Female connector, middle and bottom row (power pin) allocations[citation needed
] Mode Maximum (A1) (C1) (E1) Volts Amps (B2) (D2) Single-phase AC 500V AC 1×80A Neutral (N) Earth (PE) AC (L1) N/C N/C Three-phase AC 3×63A Neutral (N) Earth (PE) AC (L1) AC (L3) AC (L2) Combined single-phase AC and low-current DC 500V AC/DC 1×80A (AC) &Some vehicle inlets may contain the extra connections to allow the CCS DC-only charger (high-current DC) to be inserted.[17]
Communication takes place over the CP/PP signaling pins between the charger, cable, and vehicle to ensure that the highest common denominator of voltage and current is selected.
The signaling protocol is identical to that of Type 1 connectors as described in the SAE J standard.
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Type 2-compatible femalefound on the end of the permanently-attached connector cable of Tesla Superchargers in Europe
Type 2 male vehicle inlet for electric charging; the closed bottom portion of the inlet covers the two DC pins used for CCS Combo 2
Charging station female socket outlet and matching male plug (blue color). In China only, a male connector is used for both ends of the connecting cable.
Type 2 female
Type 2-compatible 120 kW maleon European Tesla Model S
Type 2 (CCS Combo 2) European Tesla Model 3 male
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Similar to charging cables, car charging cables tend to have two connectors, one that plugs into the vehicle socket and the other into the chargepoint itself.
The type of connector you need varies by vehicle and the power rating ("speed") of the chargepoint.*
* This guide is based on the UK and may not include complete information for all countries.
** With the exception of Tesla Model X and Model S vehicles to date, which use Type 2 connectors for DC rapids. Adapters that allow to charge these Tesla models via CHAdeMO or CCS connectors are available.
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