What is the most widely used pump for lifting sewage?

Explanation:

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For pumping of sewage following types of pumps are used: 

(1) Centrifugal pump:

(i) Centrifugal pumps are most commonly used for pumping sewage, because these pumps can be easily installed in pits and sumps, and can easily transport the suspended matter present in the sewage.

(ii) A centrifugal pump consists of a revolving wheel called impeller which is enclosed in an air tight casing to which suction pipe and delivery pipe or rising main are connected.

(iii) The impellers of centrifugal pumps have backward curved vanes which are either open or have shrouds.

(iv) The clearance between the vanes of the impeller is kept large enough to allow any solid matter entering the pump to pass out with the liquid so that the pump does not get clogged.

(v) As such for handling sewage with large-size solids, the impellers are usually designed with fewer vanes. The pumps with fewer vanes in the impeller or having large clearance between the vanes are called non-clog pumps. However, pumps with fewer vanes in the impeller are less efficient.

(2) Reciprocating Pump:

(i) Reciprocating pumps are much less employed these days for sewage pumping, because of their high initial cost, difficulty in maintenance and greater wear and tear of valves.

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(ii) However, in cases where it is required to deal with difficult sludges and where large quantity of sewage is to be pumped against low heads, reciprocating pumps may be used after passing the sewage through screen with 20 mm spacing.

(3) Pneumatic ejector:

(i) Pneumatic ejectors are used for pumping or lifting small quantities of sewage.

(ii) The conditions favouring installation of pneumatic ejectors are:

• Where small quantity of sewage is to be lifted from cellar or basement of a building to a high level sewer;
• Where the quantity of sewage from a low lying area does not justify the construction of a pumping station; and
• Where a centrifugal pump of small capacity is likely to clog.

The effluent of a septic tank is

A. Fit for discharge into any open drain

B. Foul and contains dissolved and suspended solids

C. As good as that from a complete treatment

D. None of these

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