Looking for the best propeller for your aircraft? Choosing a propeller often comes down to compatibility with your specific aircraft and engine, your typical flight mission, and your performance needs.
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One of the first places to start is by understanding the differences between constant-speed and ground-adjustable propellers.
A constant-speed propeller is designed to automatically adjust its blade pitch to maintain a constant rotational speed in every phase of flight. This helps ensure the optimal amount of power is used for every given situation. For example, during takeoff and climb, the pilot can set a low pitch (higher RPM) for maximum power. In cruise, a higher pitch (lower RPM) reduces engine workload and increases torque to enhance efficiency.
How It Works: Constant-speed props utilize a propeller governor, which responds to changes in engine speed and hydraulically adjusts the blade pitch to keep RPM constant. In this way, constant-speed props will automatically adjust the pitch of the propeller blades to take a greater or lesser “bite” of air depending on the aircraft’s speed many times throughout flight.
Benefits of Constant Speed Propellers:
Whereas constant-speed propellers change pitch automatically in flight, ground-adjustable propellers operate as fixed-pitch in flight and can only be adjusted manually while on the ground. Before a flight, pilots can fine-tune their propeller’s pitch to their aircraft and specific mission, whether that’s optimizing for takeoff and climb power or cruise efficiency.
How It Works: Adjusting a ground-adjustable prop involves loosening the blades from the hub to rotate them to the desired pitch. For optimized acceleration and takeoff performance, pilots can set a lower pitch. For cruise efficiency, a higher pitch setting is preferable.
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If you prioritize dynamic performance, fuel efficiency, and smoother engine operation — especially if you have a high-performance aircraft engine — a constant-speed propeller may be the right choice for you.
If you have an experimental airplane or light sport aircraft and you’re looking for a cost-effective option that still provides blade pitch flexibility, you might consider a ground-adjustable propeller.
Hartzell Propeller is proud to offer high-performance constant-speed propellers and WhirlWind ground-adjustable propeller options for a wide range of aircraft — including experimental aircraft and light sport aircraft.
A ground-adjustable propeller is a simple type of aircraft variable-pitch propeller where the blade angle can be adjusted between pre-set limits of fine and coarse pitch.[1] As its name implies, a ground-adjustable propeller may be adjusted only when the aircraft is on the ground and when the engine is not running.
Ground-adjustable propellers, which are mostly used on light and very light aircraft, are much cheaper and lighter than more sophisticated and versatile in-flight-adjustable propellers. A ground-adjustable propeller allows pitch changes to be made, although not in flight, to optimise the aircraft for current payload and flying conditions.[2]
To adjust the propeller, the blades are loosened in the hub, a new angle set and then the hub tightened.[3] The process is one of compromise, and of trial & error. After a flight, if, say, climb seemed too sluggish, the pitch angle may have been set too coarse and would need to be made finer. Alternatively, if the aircraft reached take-off speed quickly but struggled to reach a comfortable cruise speed, the pitch would need to be coarsened. The person making the adjustments would be advised to do so in small increments until a satisfactory outcome were reached.
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