What does a piston do in a pump?

In a pump, a piston plays a crucial role in the process of fluid movement. A piston is a cylindrical component that moves back and forth within a cylinder. The piston's primary function is to create a pumping action by displacing fluid (liquid or gas) in the pump.

In a pump, a piston plays a crucial role in the process of fluid movement. A piston is a cylindrical component that moves back and forth within a cylinder. The piston's primary function is to create a pumping action by displacing fluid (liquid or gas) in the pump.

Here's how the piston operates in a pump:

1. Reciprocating Motion: The piston moves back and forth within a cylinder, creating a reciprocating motion. This motion is typically driven by an external force, such as an electric motor, an engine, or another power source.

2. Suction Stroke: During one phase of the piston's motion, often referred to as the suction stroke, the piston moves away from the pump chamber's outlet. This creates a low-pressure zone within the cylinder, causing an inlet valve to open. As a result, fluid (liquid or gas) is drawn into the pump chamber from an external source.

3. Discharge Stroke: In the other phase, known as the discharge stroke, the piston moves towards the pump chamber's outlet. This action closes the inlet valve and opens the outlet valve. The movement of the piston pressurizes the fluid within the pump chamber, forcing it out through the outlet.

4. Positive Displacement: Pistons in pumps are often part of positive displacement pump designs. Positive displacement pumps move a fixed volume of fluid with each stroke of the piston, providing a consistent and controllable flow rate.

5. Variable Displacement: Some pumps with pistons are designed to have variable displacement. This means that the operator can adjust the stroke length or the number of pistons in operation, allowing for variability in the pump's output to meet specific requirements.

Pistons are commonly used in various types of pumps, including hydraulic piston pumps, reciprocating pumps, and other positive displacement pumps. They are crucial for generating the necessary pressure to move fluids through a system in a controlled and efficient manner.